Top Five Confusing SAT Words

With thousands of words to memorize, the SAT often leads to students to jumble up words in their heads. Its hard to separate the most common SAT words from the no-shows on test day. And it’s hardly their faults—the English language is consists of many words that either look and/or sound very similar. See if you know the difference between the words below. Loathe vs. Loath The first word is the most common one, as in: I loathe you—you ate all my yummy chocolates. An easy way to remember that loathe means ‘to hate intensely’ is to look at the last four letters: lo‘athe’. If you unscramble ‘athe’ you get hate. I wish I had a fun nifty mnemonic for loath, but alas I don’t. To be loath is to be reluctant. He was loath to study for the SAT, but realized his future was at stake.   Indigent vs. Indigenous The first word is an adjective which means ‘very poor’. It can also work as a noun: The indigents down by the railroad tracks slept in soggy cardboard boxes. The second word means ‘native to a certain area’. Despite what many believe, the kiwi is not a fruit indigenous to New Zealand but was originally grown in China. Discrete vs. Discreet To be discreet simply means ‘not to draw attention to something’. This word is more commonly used than discrete. The student discreetly raised her hand and asked softly whether she could leave to use the restroom. Discrete means ‘broken into distinct groups’. For the word ‘discrete’, I do have a nifty mnemonic: notice the ‘t’ in discrete. It breaks up the two ‘e’s. Now the two e’s are discrete (they are split by the ‘t’).    Extant vs. Extinct The first word means ‘still existing’. The second means ‘no longer in existence’. Many of Shakespeare’s original manuscripts are extant—the same cannot be said of Euripides’ works. Deter vs. Defer The first word means ‘to prevent something from happen, usually by threat’. The second can mean ‘to submit to another person’s judgment or authority’. It can also mean ‘to put aside for later’. The word ‘defer’ has many different definitions but don’t let that deter you from learning it. Hopefully the tricks I used in these words also show how to remember SAT vocabulary in a way thats better than just remembering or scrolling through SAT vocabulary flashcards.

Identifying and Controlling Powdery Mildew on Trees

Powdery mildew is a common disease that appears as a white powdery substance on a tree  leaf surface. The powdery appearance comes from millions of tiny fungal spores, which are spread in air currents to cause new infections. Powdery mildew attacks all kinds of landscape plants, including trees. Fortunately, although the disease is disfiguring, it rarely kills a tree.   Almost any tree species can be affected by powdery mildew, but the most common are maple, basswood, dogwood, lilac, magnolia, crabapple, catalpa, and oaks.   Identification Powdery mildew disease  is caused by many different species of fungi, with Erysiphe cichoacearum reported to be the most common culprit.   According to the University of Minnesota:   Powdery mildew appears as superficial growth on plant surfaces and is seen as white to gray powdery spots, blotches or felt-like mats on leaves, stems, and buds.Infected plants may appear to be sprinkled with baby powder or covered in cobwebs.The disease is often most severe on young leaves, water sprouts, and green shoots.Once severely infected, leaves may turn yellow and fall prematurely during the growing season.In some plants, leaves turn purple to red around the infection.In late summer/early fall, tiny round orange to black balls form within white fungal mats.Most prevalent when outdoor conditions consist of cool temperatures with high humidity; however, it can be seen in warm, dry conditions as well.The disease is most severe on plants or plant parts in shaded areas with poor air movement (interior or lower branches). Biology of the Fungus Some powdery mildew fungi survive winter inside structures known as chasmothecium, which contain the spores. In spring, the chasmothecium rupture to release spores that are then spread by the wind. Other species of powdery mildew survive the winter as a dormant fungus in the infected buds or shoot tips. In spring, these spores start new infections on new plant growth. As the growing season progresses, news spores are produced and transferred to new plants on the wind.   Prevention Powdery mildew is rarely a tree killer,  but it can disfigure specimens in the landscape. It is a product of moist conditions and is usually seen in the wetter spring and fall seasons. In many  areas, powdery mildew is virtually unavoidable during the most humid parts of the period from spring through fall. Once dryer weather returns, the fungus usually retreats. It may not be necessary to treat the fungus at all, but certain measures may prevent it from becoming prevalent. This humidity-loving fungus can be controlled only if moisture can be controlled. Dont plant trees in heavily-shaded areas and provide plenty of space for air movement and growing room. Prune trees and shrubs to improve air movement between the branches. Additional methods for controlling powdery mildew: Choose disease-resistant varieties whenever possible. Mildew-resistant cultivars are available for many plants.Do not overcrowd plants. Adequate spacing improves air circulation and reduces powdery mildew infection.Prune the tree or shrub to increase light penetration and improve air circulation throughout the canopy. But avoid excessive pruning of infected plants—do your pruning during inactive periods.  Avoid fertilizing trees and shrubs when they are suffering from powdery mildew. Fertilizing stimulates new growth and may hasten the spread of the fungal infection.  Do not compost infected branches or leaves. The spores will remain in the compost and may infect other plants.   Controlling Powdery Mildew Commercial fungicides will kill powdery mildew, but many experts advise using these toxic chemicals only on specimen plants that are highly prized since the fungus rarely kills trees.   Chemical fungicide treatments that kill powdery mildew include : Thiophanate methylChlorothalonilSulfur (but not for sulfur-sensitive plants such as viburnum)Potassium bicarbonate Sulfer is perhaps the most common fungicide for powdery mildew. Spray wettable sulfur onto affected leaves at the recommended rate specified by the label. Sulfur may injure tender foliage, especially in hot weather, so be careful. Do not use sulfur on walnuts, as injury may occur. Where important plants have a history of powdery mildew infection, treat them preemptively, before the fungus appears.   A somewhat effective non-chemical treatment is to spray the plants with a mixture of household baking soda and water.

The Fifth Amendment and The Bill of Rights - 654 Words

Suppose someone witnesses a murder while attempting to steal a stop sign. If the witness is asked by a police official whether or not he or she committed the murder, he or she will say no. But if the witness is then asked what he or she was doing in the area at the time of the murder, he or she has the right to remain silent in order to protect him or herself from self-incrimination, a clause in the Fifth Amendment. The Fifth Amendment upholds the rights of United States citizens against government prosecution. Introduced to the Bill of Rights in 1789, the Fifth Amendment is a noteworthy amendment both during the past and in today’s world. The Fifth Amendment, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights, was proposed by James Madison, providing a way for the Founding Fathers of the United States to better protect the basic rights of people. Congress thought this amendment was necessary after the United States’ independence from Britain; not wanting to repeat the mistake t he monarchy had made –exploiting its citizens’ freedoms. Specifically, the Fifth Amendment secures many freedoms of people against unfair prosecution and investigation: a person cannot be put on trial for a serious crime unless a grand jury decides or if he or she is in the military; he or she cannot be tried twice for the same offense; and cannot be forced to testify against him or herself in a court case. Additionally, a person cannot be deprived of rights such as life, liberty, and property without aShow MoreRelatedCourt And Process : Constitutional Court989 Words   |  4 Pagesinsists that is in the faith amendment and it should be until the bill of right of the state government, and the federal government were unsure of the faith amendment was so clear. However, after the civil war the state of government made the fourth amendment that the state can’t take any bill of rights from the citizen. 2. Facts: The case began with John Barron when he sue the city of Baltimore, claiming that the city deprived him and his property in the fifth Amendment, says that government can’tRead MoreWhat is the Bill of Rights?1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bill of Rights Essay â€Å"Rightful liberty is unobstructed action according to our will within limits drawn around us by the equal rights of others.I do not add ‘within the limits of the law because law is often but the tyrants’ will,and always so when it violates the rights of the individual† -Thomas Jefferson. The Constitution was created because of the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation did not simply protecting the rights of the people which the Founding Fathers was concernedRead More The Importance of The Bill of Rights in Society Today Essay613 Words   |  3 Pagesto have a Bill of Rights. The anti-federalists claimed that a bill of rights was needed that listed the guaranteed rights that the government could never take away from a person i.e. â€Å"inalienable rights.† A Bill of Rights was eventually deemed necessary, and has worked for over 210 years. There are many reasons why the ten amendments are still valid to this day, and the best examples are t he First Amendment, concerning the freedom of religion, the Fifth Amendment, and the Sixth Amendment. The AmendmentRead MoreThe Bill of Rights: The Most Important Documents in American History1579 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bill of Rights is one of the most important documents in American history. Bills of Rights have been included in official documents for hundred of years; the Magna Carta, signed by King John in 1215, was known to contain provisions to protect certain rights within his kingdom (History of the Bill of Rights, 2012). While there was much debate regarding the inclusion of a Bill of Rights into the Constitution, Congress did not approve the inclusion of twelve Amendments, or Twelve Articles, untilRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment : Self-Incrimination In The Fifth Amendment1040 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Fifth Amendment is Self-Incrimination, stating â€Å"No person...shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself....†. This clause specifies that a person cannot be forced to testify against himself or herself; yet, this does not limited polic e-interrogation. A testimonial through threatened loss of government employment or guilt from silence can be used as evidence. Witnesses and evidence must be presented during the trial. This is often known as taking the fifth. OneRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights : The Importance Of The Bill Of Rights1381 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica in order since 1789? That would be The Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights is simply the first ten amendments. Written by James Madison, The Bill of Rights lists specific prohibitions on governmental power. The Bill of Rights was officially added into the constitution in 1791. The amendments are on display in the National Archives Museum. The First Amendment states that â€Å"everybody has freedom of speech, press, and religion.† The First Amendment allows us, as U.S. citizens to speak freely aboutRead MoreEffects of Slavery on America1594 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican history is the topic of slavery. Although agreements such as the Three-Fifths Compromise in 1787, and the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 were adapted to reduce and outlaw slavery, it took many years for slavery to be completely abolished and allow blacks the freedom they had been longing for. The Three-Fifths Compromise was a agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia in which three-fifths of states’ slaves would be counted as representation regarding distributionRead MoreBill of Rights Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Bill of rights† had been proposed as a follow up to Parliament’s original Habeas Corpus bill, which safeguarded personal freedom and liberty. Now just about every colony had a bill of rights, so James Madison suggested that if the United States was to survived as a a country it would need to have a set of rules versus thirtheen and every state would have the same rules. In 1789, James Madison proposed a series of legislative articles to the first United States congress, but the processes tookRead MoreFifth Amendment Privilege : Taking The Fifth1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fifth Amendment Privilege: taking the Fifth The Fifth Amendment is located within the constitution of the United States of America. It consists of five well know clauses. Amendment V states: â€Å"No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the sameRead MoreThe Historical Roots Of The American Bill Of Rights1279 Words   |  6 Pageshistorical roots of the American Bill of Rights come from two concepts: liberty and republicanism. Both liberty and republicanism are intertwined. At their roots, they are regularized constructs designed to achieve a common objection: a check upon unbridled and arbitrary government power. Arbitrary arrests and imprisonment were feared by the eighteenth century Englishmen as the antithesis of liberty. (Garcia pg. 1) Two specific protections were perceived as vital to the right to an indictment and a jury

Regulations and Ethics of Consumer Policy

Question: Discuss about the Regulations and Ethics of Consumer Policy. Answer: Introduction: Nowadays, ecommerce is becoming an increasingly common practice among the consumers since the year 1990 when the commercial activities were completely allowed on the internet. According to Xu et al., (2012), there is a clear sign of dissatisfaction among the consumers regarding the online advertising activities and marketing techniques. The key drivers behind this dissatisfaction are confusion in distinguishing among the legitimate and illegitimate advertisers. Another important factor that gives rise to this dissatisfaction is the privacy concerns and weak media planning. However, as per the market information collected while conducting the study it has been observed that online marketing techniques are aimed at generating effective information about the internet users in order to target them in an effective and efficient manner with the help of marketing techniques (Acquisti et al., 2015). However, though the online marketing and advertisement techniques has developed to a greater extent it has been observed that a large portion of the customers are still worried about their privacy, regulations of the website and thereby suffer form an ethical dilemma. Privacy of the Consumers: According to Weiss (2014), the term privacy is used to signify the fact of the right to remain alone and it is directly related to secrecy, solitude and autonomy. However, when amalgamated with the consumer activities that take place on the online market place, the term privacy is generally used to depict the personal information and the vanquishment of this privacy is regarded as unauthorized collection. Any other use of this personal information or disclosure will be considered as a direct result of this electronic commerce transactions. In accordance with the conquest of the privacy of the personal information of the customers, it can be classified into two major categories on the basis of their nature, On one hand, when the personal information is not expected to change over a certain period of time dramatically, it can be referred to as private information of static type (Agag et al., 2016). This type of information includes referential information, financial information, health information and personal beliefs and affiliations. On the other hand, the private information that frequently changes over a period of time but it can be collected and if analyzed in an effective manner a consumer profile can be generated. This type of personal information is regarded as the dynamic private information. This includes activity history or activity profile. After conducting interview with three active internet users, their feedback suggests that online consumers are more sensitive to their static private information as this can include their banking details and purchase history as well (Wu et al., 2012). The prior concern of the consumers in about the purchase history, the online activityand the websites they visit along with other personal information that can be gathered over the internet by the electronic commerce websites. There are people who are potential customers willing to make purchase online but are afraid because of the possibility of disclosure of these data. Therefore, the online marketing agencies along with the ecommerce websites should look after protecting this information so that the potential customers as well as the existing ones can make their purchase confidently (Conger et al., 2013). Regulations: Moreover most of the online customers suggest that there should be effective regulation for protecting their privacy in the internet market place. Their key concern is to protect the privacy rights of the consumers and it should be protected along with the benefits incorporated within the free flow of information (Martin, 2013). Protecting the privacy of these consumers can be undertaken by enforcing a number of regulations in a combined manner. The three main regulatory authorities are, Government:Promotion and implementation of the strong privacy laws established for both the public as well as the private sectors. The government should also establish an independent privacy commission that will supervise the implementation and strength of these laws. It must also take initiatives for educating the individuals about the privacy issues. Businesses:The businesses or the electronic commerce websites should implement self-regulation for the promotion and implementation of fair information practices. Individuals: The individualsshould adopt privacy intensive technologies such as secured networks and other security tools dedicated to protect information Ethics of the Consumers: As per the interviews conducted of the three individuals it has been found that the incredible growth of the ecommerce definitely imposes ethical issues in the way internet represents a brand new environmental framework for the unethical behavior. It takes a long time to incorporate morality in the electronic commerce businesses. According to Martin (2013), when the people does not possess the fear of being punished they automatically get themselves engaged in various inappropriate behaviors. The opening up online transactions has also made the way for various new forms of eerie behavior some of them comes in a new form and the othersare technologically updated versions of the long standing ethical debates. As per the respondents of the interview it is quite evident that the likelihood of occurrence of ethical transgression in electronic commerce transaction is higher if compared to the face to face transactions. Therefore, the ethical issues involved with the online transactions sho uld be dealt with optimum efficiency in order to protect the online consumers (MiltgenPeyrat-Guillard, 2014). Conclusion: In order to conclude it can be said that the essay has covered all the possible aspects of regulatory, ethical and privacy related issues associated with online transactions generally happening in the electronic commerce websites. While conducting the study a wide range of literature based on this regard has been reviewed and that has helped to gain a broader insight of these issues. On the light of the knowledge gained by reviewing these literatures and based on the response of the interviews conducted the entire study have been conducted. It has become clear from the study that respondents are well aware of the privacy, regulatory and ethical framework and thereby they remain cautious while performing online transactions. Reference List: Acquisti, A., Brandimarte, L., Loewenstein, G. (2015).Privacy and human behavior in the age of information.Science,347(6221), 509-514. Agag, G., El-masry, A., Alharbi, N. S., Ahmed Almamy, A. (2016). Development and validation of an instrument to measure online retailing ethics: consumers perspective.Internet Research,26(5). Conger, S., Pratt, J. H., Loch, K. D. (2013).Personal information privacy and emerging technologies.Information Systems Journal,23(5), 401-417. Martin, K. E. (2013). Transaction costs, privacy, and trust: The laudable goals and ultimate failure of notice and choice to respect privacy online.First Monday,18(12-2). Miltgen, C. L., Peyrat-Guillard, D. (2014). Cultural and generational influences on privacy concerns: a qualitative study in seven European countries.European Journal of Information Systems,23(2), 103-125. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Wu, K. W., Huang, S. Y., Yen, D. C., Popova, I. (2012). The effect of online privacy policy on consumer privacy concern and trust.Computers in human behavior,28(3), 889-897. Xu, H., Teo, H. H., Tan, B. C., Agarwal, R. (2012). Research note-effects of individual self-protection, industry self-regulation, and government regulation on privacy concerns: a study of location-based services.Information Systems Research,23(4), 1342-1363.